BAHAN AJAR




Mundus and the Snake

Folklore from East Nusa Tenggara

     MUNDUS was a young man. He lived alone. his parents died a long time ago. Mundus was a farmer. He worked diligently. His neighbors liked him. Mundus always helped people whenever they needed help.
      Mundus and other villagers often were hunting in the jungle. They hunted the animals and shared the meat to all villagers.
         It was a beautiful day. All the men were ready to go hunting. They all brought their own weapons. When they arrived in the jungle, they separated into two big teams. There was an open land and they choose that place as their base. They would meet in that place two hours later.
        Mundus and his team were walking silently. Suddenly they saw a big snake. they all prepared their weapons. In just a minute, they killed the snake.
        They brought the snake to the base. the other group also already arrived. Unlike Mundus' group, they were unlucky. They did not bring animals. they all were hungry. they decided to cook the snake and prepare it for their meal. After they all finished eating, they continued their hunting. This time, Mundus did not join them. He was not feeling well, so he stayed in the base
        While he was resting, suddenly a big snake came. Mundus was so scared. The snake looked the same as the snake which was killed by his friends. Mundus thought that the snake was the mate of the dead snake. Well, he was right! The snake was exactly the mate of the dead snake.
        Mundus climbed a big tree. he hoped the snake would not chase him. And Mundus saw the strange thing. The snake did not chase him. The snake came to the body of the dead snake. There were not many parts left. The meat of the snake was already eaten by Mundus and his friends. There were only the skin and the head left
        Strangely, the mate was trying to rearrange the body parts of the dead snake. And after all the parts of the body were rearrange, the mate went to the bushes. Later, the snake brought some leaves in his mouth and came to the dead snake. the mate chewed the leaves then covered the skin, the head and the bones of the snake.
        Amazingly, the dead snake lived! And then, the two snakes went back to the jungle. Mandus could not believe what he saw. And when his friends came back, he told them about the snakes. They also not believe him.
       On the following day, Mundus came to the jungle again. He felt that that snake was giving him a lesson on how to cure the wounds. Mundus then looked for the leaves, Mundus went home.
       When he arrived, his neighbor asked for his help. The neighbor fell from the tree, and broke his leg. Mundus then chewed the leaves and covered the broken leg. Amazingly, it was cured! Mundus was very grateful. Since then, every time people had problem with broken bones, Mundus always helped them. Mundus became famous. He was known as master of curing broken bones.

Kamis, 25 Juli 2013

Bujang Katak

Folklore from Bangka Belitung

    There was an old woman. She lived alone in her hut. She was a poor farmer.

 She was getting older and getting weaker. She did not have husband but
 she prayed to god to give her a son. She hoped her son could help her work
 in the rice field.
      “God, please give me a son. I really want to have a son although he looks

 like a frog”, prayed the old woman.
    God answered her pray. She was pregnant. Later the baby was born.

 Surprisingly the baby looked like a frog. His head and his skin were like
 frog’s head and skin. At first, the old woman was sad. However, later
 on she was grateful to god. She raised her son with great love. 
The baby grew as a kind man. He was very strong and obedient to his mother.
 People called him Bujang Katak. Bujang means a young man and Katak means a frog.
     Later Bujang Katak was adult. He wanted to get married. However

 he did not want to marry the girl in his village. He wanted to marry
 one of the king’s seven daughters’!
     He told his plan to his mother. She was sad. She knew that the king

 would reject his married proposal. But she did not want to see her son sad.
 And later they arrived at the palace. Bujang Katak told the king about 
the married proposal.
    “I really appreciate your courage young man. But I can not make

 any decision. I will ask my seven daughters to give their opinions and 
decisions”, said the king.
     One by one all the seven daughters talked. The first daughter 

didn’t say good things about Bujang Katak. She insulted him.
 “You are so ugly. No wonder people call you Bujang Katak. You really
 look like a frog. I don’t want to have a husband who looks like a frog”,
 said the first daughter.
     The second daughter also said bad things to him. “You are very poor.

 I don’t want to have a poor husband”. So the other daughters talked 
bad things about him.
     Finally the youngest daughter had her turn to talk. She was

 the most beautiful and kindest daughter. She didn’t say bad things
 about him. She accepted Bujang Katak’s married proposal! 
“I will marry him, Father” said the youngest daughter to the king.
      Everybody was surprised. All the elders’ sisters were laughing at her. 

The king was shocked! He never thought that one of his daughters would
 marry Bujang Katak. He wanted to cancel the married. 
So he asked Bujang Katak to do something very difficult.
     “I will let you marry my daughter but you have to build a golden bridge

 from your house to this palace”, said the king.
      Bujang Katak and his mother went home. His mother was very sad 

and confused.
     “How can you build a golden bridge, Son?” she asked Bujang Katak.

 “Don’t worry, Mother. I will pray to God to help me”, said Bujang Katak.
      Then Bujang Katak prayed days and nights. One night, amazing things

 happened. His frog’s skin removed from his body. His head also changed.
 He became a very handsome man. His mother burned the removed skin. 
Amazingly the skin changed into gold. They had a lot of gold. Slowly
 they built a bridge using the gold.
      Finally the bridge was built from they house to the king’s palace. 

The youngest daughter was very happy. Her husband was very handsome 
and also very rich. He had a lot of gold. All her sisters were jealous. 
They were even more jealous when the king asked Bujang Katak to be the new king


Rabu, 24 Juli 2013

Arkansas Traveler

An Arkansas Tall Tale 
retold by
S. E. Schlosser
One rainy autumn, a traveler got lost in the mountains of Arkansas. He was tired and hungry, and so was his horse. Night was approaching. All at once, he saw a cabin. A squatter sat on the porch fiddling the same tune over and over.
The traveler asked the squatter for food and water for himself and his horse. The squatter replied: "Ain't got a thing in the house."
The traveler asked where the next house was. The squatter said: "Dunno. I ain't never been there."
The frustrated traveler asked if he could spend the night. The squatter replied: "House leaks. My wife and me sleep on the only dry spot."
"Why don't you mend the roof?" asked the traveler.
"Can't mend the roof on a rainy day."
The whole time, the squatter continued to fiddle the same tune, over and over.
The traveler snapped: "Why don't you finish that tune?"
"Can't get the turn of the tune."
The traveler took the fiddle, played the turn of the tune and finished it.
"Stranger," said the squatter, "Grab yer self a chair and set down. Sal, cut a hunk outta that deer and cook it. Son, get the whiskey and put the horse in the shed. You jest play away, stranger. Tonight, you can sleep on the dry spot!"

RABU, 23 Juli 2013
The Frogs Desiring a King ( FABLE )
The Frogs were living as happy as could be in a marshy
swamp that just suited them; they went splashing about
caring for nobody and nobody troubling with them. But
some of them thought that this was not right, that they
should have a king and a proper constitution, so they
determined to send up a petition to Jove to give them
what they wanted. ‘Mighty Jove,’ they cried, ‘send unto
us a king that will rule over us and keep us in order.’ Jove
laughed at their croaking, and threw down into the
swamp a huge Log, which came splashdown the swamp.
The Frogs were frightened out of their lives by the
commotion made in their midst, and all rushed to the
bank to look at the horrible monster; but after a time,
seeing that it did not move, one or two of the boldest of
them ventured out towards the Log, and even dared to
touch it; still it did not move. Then the greatest hero of
the Frogs jumped upon the Log and commenced dancing
up and down upon it, thereupon all the Frogs came and
did the same; and for some time the Frogs went about
their business every day without taking the slightest notice
of their new King Log lying in their midst. But this did

 not suit them, so they sent another petition to Jove, and
said to him, ‘We want a real king; one that will really rule
over us.’ Now this made Jove angry, so he sent among
them a big Stork that soon set to work gobbling them all
up. Then the Frogs repented when too late.


MORAL MESSAGE
Better no rule than cruel rule.


 Selasa, 23 Juli 2013
Folklore from South Sulawesi

      IN Toraja, South Sulawesi, lived a young man. His name was La Dana. Everybody knew him. He was known for his clever ideas. He always tricked bad people. That’s why the villagers loved him.
      In Toraja, there was always a ceremony when someone passed away. In the ceremony, the guests could get buffalo meat from the host of the ceremony. La Dana went to the ceremony. Before he went home, the host gave him buffalo legs.
      On the way home, La Dana met Pak Kikir. He brought the whole body parts of the buffalo except the legs. Pak Kikir was a very stingy man. Nobody liked him. La Dana then had an idea to trick him.
      “Pak Kikir, you have all parts of the buffalo except the legs. And I only have the legs. Why don’t we put them together and gave them back to the host. We ask him to exchange it with a life buffalo. We raise the buffalo until it is big. Do you agree?”
       “That is a good idea. Let’s meet the host,” said Pak Kikir.
      Together they went back to the ceremony. The host agreed with one condition. He would exchange with a young buffalo.
       After they got the young buffalo, Pak Kikir and La Dana went home.
      “La Dana, let me raise the buffalo,” said Pak Kikir.       
He wanted to raise it by himself because he was afraid that La Dana would steal it.
“I agree, but let me visit the buffalo everyday,” said La Dana.
He was happy, his idea was running well so far. On the following day, La Dana came to Pak Kikir’s house. “Hey! Look! The buffalo is getting fatter,” said La Dana.
“The buffalo has just been here for a day. How can you say he is getting fatter?”
“Look at the buffalo carefully. It is getting fatter. Pak Kikir, I want the legs now. They are mine, right?” said La Dana.
       Pak Kikir was silent. He knew if the legs were cut, the buffalo would die.
“Don’t take the legs now. Wait for another time,” said Pak Kikir.
      On the following day, La Dana again came to Pak Kikir’s house and asked for the legs. Pak Kikir said the same thing, he asked La Dana to wait.
      Then La Dana came and came again. Every time he visited the buffalo, he always asked Pak Kikir to give him legs.
       Finally, Pak Kikir could not hold it anymore.
“It’s enough La Dana! If you cut the legs, the buffalo would die. The buffalo is still young. We will not get a lot of meat. If you want to get the legs, here take this buffalo with you!” said Pak Kikir.
       He gave the buffalo to La Dana. La Dana was happy. His plan worked! He got a living buffalo and brought it home


Jumat, 19 Juli 2013

Princess Bungsu and Maniki

Folklore from East Kalimantan

Once upon a time there was a king in Berau Kingdom. The king was wise. He had seven beautiful daughters and he did not have a son yet. Among the seven daughters, the most beautiful daughter was the youngest one. Her name was Princess Bungsu. She was a kind girl. She was not spoiled and liked to do the household chores and cooking. She had a special knife to cut the vegetables or meat.

One day the princess’ knife was broken. She was very sad. She did not want to cook anymore. The king loved his daughters very much. He did not want to see his youngest daughter sad.
Therefore the king had a competition. He asked the people to make a new knife for his daughter. The king would give great rewards for the winner.

Soon, everybody was busy making a knife. After they were finished, they brought the knives to the palace. One by one, the villagers showed their knives to Princess Bungsu. Sadly, the Princess was not interested. She thought that all the knives were not as beautiful as her knife.

On the following day, a young man came to the palace. His name was Maniki. He was handsome and very helpful to others and also skillful. He could make anything. Maniki also wanted to join the competition. He brought his knife and showed it to Princess Bungsu. The knife was very beautiful. Princess Bungsu liked it instantly. She immediately brought the knife to the kitchen and began to cook.

Princess Bungsu really loved the knife. She always kept the knife carefully. She even brought the knife to her bed room and put it on the pillow.

In one morning, Princess Bungsu did not feel very well. The king then asked the palace healer to cure the illness.

After a while, the palace healer was surprised. He found out that Princess Bungsu was pregnant! He immediately reported to the king.

The king was really angry. He asked the princess who the father of the baby was. The princess was confused. She always stayed in the palace and never had any contacts with any men.
Nine months later, the princess had a baby son.

The palace healer knew how to find out the father of the baby. He invited all men in the kingdom. Then he gave each of them a banana. If the baby crawled to the man holding the banana, then he was the father.

After all men came to the palace, they all sat down in a big circle. The baby was in the middle.
Amazingly the baby started to crawl. He came to a young man. It was Maniki!
Maniki was confused.

He said that he was innocent. But the king ignored him. Later the king sent Maniki, Princess Bungsu and the baby to the jungle as a punishment.

Days passed by and the baby turned to a boy. Maniki and Princess Bungsu were also rich. They worked hard and always saved their money. One day they heard that the king was terribly ill. They decided to go to the palace to visit the king.

It was true. The king was dying. He was terribly ill because he felt guilty by sending her daughter to the jungle. When he met Maniki and Princess Bungsu, the king apologized to them and asked them to stay in the palace.***





Selasa, 16 Juli 2013
Folklore from west Sulawesi

I Tuing-Tuing 


  THERE were a husband and a wife lived in Mandar, West Sulawesi. The husband was a fisherman. They had been married for many years but they had no any children yet. Everyday they prayed to God. They never gave up asking God to give them a child.

“Dear God, please give us a child even though he looks like a tuing-tuing fish,” prayed the couple.
Tuing-tuing is a flying fish found in that area.

And finally God answered their pray, the wife was pregnant. And when the baby was born, they were surprised. The baby looked like a fish. The skin had scales, just like the body of a fish. They remembered their pray. But still they were very happy. They took care of the baby with
great love. They named him as I Tuing-Tuing. I Tuing-Tuing grew as a great boy. He was diligent and obedient to his parents.

Soon I Tuing-Tuing grew as a young man. It was time for him to get married. He asked his parents to find him a girl. The parents knew it was not easy to find a wife for their child. They thought no girls wanted to marry him. However, they did not want to make him sad. So the parents went to the villagers’ houses, proposing any single girl to be their daughter-in-law.

And it happened as they thought. All the girls they met always rejected their marriage proposal. There was one last house they hadn’t visited yet. It was the merchant’s house.

The merchant lived in a very big house. He had six daughters. All the daughters looked very happy. Actually, the third daughter, Rukiah, was not happy. She was the most beautiful daughter and her sisters were very jealous to her. Therefore, they put charcoal dust on her body. Her white skin turned into dark.

In the meantime, I Tuing-Tuing’s parents arrived at the merchant’s house. After they explained the purpose of their visit, the merchant asked all his daughters to answer. All the daughters rejected! They also insulted I Tuing-Tuing as a fish.

Suddenly, Rukiah answered, “Yes, I will marry I Tuing-Tuing.”

All of his sisters were laughing. They said that Rukiah was crazy. They did not know that Rukiah did not want to live with them anymore.

I Tuing-Tuing was very happy. Finally, there was a girl who was willing to be his wife. He did not care although Rukiah’s skin was very dark. And after they got married, they lived in their own house. I Tuing-Tuing worked as a fisherman and Rukiah stayed at home. Rukiah had lot of time washing her skin. Later, it was completely clean. She got her beauty back.

While she was waiting for her husband, a man knocked the door. Rukiah opened it and saw a handsome man in front of the door.

“Who are you?” asked Rukiah.

“My name is I Tuing-Tuing. Where is my wife?” he asked.

“You are lying. I Tuing-Tuing has fish scales in his body.”

“It is true. But after I got married, I’m cured.

My skin has changed into normal. By the way, who are you?” asked I Tuing-Tuing. He also did not recognize his wife.

“I’m Rukiah. My sisters have done a terrible thing to me. They put charcoal dust in my body.
But I have completely washed and cleaned my skin,” said Rukiah.

And they were very happy. They were not ugly anymore. All the villagers really admired their great looks. And Rukiah’s sisters were even more jealous to her



Minggu, 14 Juli 2013
 SPOOF






     One day when Nasreddin was traveling, he came to a village. The people there said to him,”We have had no rain for three months, and we have no water. Our corn is dying. Please help us ! Pray for rain!”
                Nasreddin wanted to help these poor people, so he asked for a bucket of water. There was very little water in the village, but each family gave a little, and they filled a bucket and gave it to Nasreddin.
                Then Nasreddin took off his shirt and began to wash it. The people were surprised and angry. “That water was for our children to drink, and you are washing your shirt in it !”
                But Nasreddin said, “Wait !” He hung the shirt up to dry, and at once it began to rain.
                “I have only one shirt,” he said to the surprised people, “And when I wash it up to dry, it always rains.”
 
Question :
What was Nasreddin doing at the       What did he ask for ?
 beginning of this story ?                     What did the people do ?
What happened one day ?                   Was this easy for them ?
Who spoke to him ?                             Why ?
What did they say ?                             What did Nasreddin do then ?
What did Nasreddin want to do ?


Rabu, 26 Juni 2013
FLOKLORE FROM PAPUA  
 Breaking the Sun

      Along time ago, the sun did not shine too long. It was only shine for a while then it sent to the west. Earth was in dark most of the time. People did not like it. There were not many things  they could do during the day. They wished to see the shine longer.
      There was one man who really hated to be in dark. His name was Rangga. Everyday he was thinking how he could make the sun shine long enough. One day, he had an idea.
      “I think the sun is too big to move. If we can break it to some pieces, the sun can move quickly. Therefore we can enough light from the sun,” said Rangga to his friend.
      “But how can we break the sun?” asked one of his friend.
      “We can break it by throwing a spear.
But it should be a magic spear.” Said Rangga.
      “how can we get the magic spear?” asked his friend.
      “let’s meditated in the jungle. We ask the elf to guide us to find the magic spear.’ Explain Rangga.
      Then Rangga and his friends meditated in the jungle.It was not an easy to do. They were disturbed by wild animals. Luckily they had strong concentration. They were safe from animals. After a while, an elf finally came to them.
      “What do you want my child?” asked  the elf.
       “ We want to break the sun. We need to find a magic spear,” explained Rangga.
       “ Hmm… the magic spear belong to the great thief. You have to fight him and grabs  the spear from him.” Said the elf.
       Rangga and his friends understood.
They knew about the great thief. They heard that he had a supernatural power.
Luckily the elf had also given them the supernatural power to fight against the great thief.
      Rangga and his friends looking for the great thief. They finally found him. At first Rangga nicely asked the great thief to give him the spear, but of course the thief refused.
      “Why should I give you the spear so you can break the sun?” I love darkness. I can steal easily, ha…ha…ha… said the thief.
      “Rangga and his friend knew they did not have other choice. Then they were fighting. Thanks to the supernatural power given by the elf, Rangga and his friend won the fight.
      Finally Rangga held the magic spear. He held it firmly. He did not want to waste the time. He wanted to throw the spear and break the sun.
      Rangga concentrated and threw the spear with great power towards the sun. And it worked! The sun was breaking into some pieces. The biggest pieces become a moon and the small pieces became the stars.
      Since then the sun shines long enough. And when it set to the west, the earth was not completely in the dark. The moon and the stars gave people enough light.


 Selasa, 25 Juni 2013



 
One day Nasreddin’s donkey was ill, so he borrowed a horse from an officer. It was a big, strong animal, and usually nobody rode it except the officer. It tried to throw Nasreddin off, but he stayed on it. Then it suddenly began to run away with him. He tried to turn it towards his house, and he tried to stop it, but it continued to run the opposite way.
                One of Nasreddin’s friends was working in his field and saw him riding very fast towards this friend’s house. He thought, “Why is Nasreddin riding so fast ? Perhaps he has some bad news. Perhaps he is riding to my house to give me some bad news !”
                He was frightened and shouted to Nasreddin, “Nasreddin ! Nasreddin ! What is the matter ? Where are you going ?”
                “I don’t know !” Nasreddin shouted back. “This stupid animal hasn’t told me !”


 
Question :

What was the matter with Nasreddin’s                                  What did Nasreddin do ?
donkey one day ?                                                                 What did the horse do then ?
What did he do ?                                                                  What did Nasreddin do ?
What was the horse like ?                                                     What did the horse do ?
Who usually rode it ?                                                            Who saw Nasreddin ?
What did it try to do ?                                                           What was this person doing ?



 SELASA, 11 Juni 2013
Floklore from North Sumatra
Nai Manggale  (NARRATIVE)
 
Once upon a time, there lived a famous sculpture in Tapanuli, North Sumatra. His name was Datu Panggana. He could carve wood into many things. One day, he got an inspiration to carve a wood into a statue of a beautiful woman.
Then, he put the statue in front of his house. It was not finished yet. The statue still had any clothes yet. Later, a young merchant passed by in front of Datu PangganaÕs house. His name was Bao Partigatiga. He sold jewelleries and clothes. He was very impressed by the beauty of the statue.
"She would be more beautiful by wearing my clothes," said Bao Partigatiga.
He then put on the clothes he wanted to sell on the statue. Bao Partigatiga was very pleased now. The statue looked like a real human. Then he left Datu Panggana's house. After that, a priest and his wife passed by. They were also impressed by the beauty of the statue.
"I want to pray to God to make her live like a real human. I want to make her as our daughter," said the priest to his wife.
The couple had any children yet. Their dream came true. The statue had changed into a very beautiful girl. The priest and his wife then took the girl home. They named her Nai Manggale. The news about Nai Manggale spread very fast. All the villagers came to the priest's house to see Nai Manggale. Among them were Datu Panggana and Bao Partigatiga.
Datu Panggana said, "She has to stay in my house. The statue was mine."
But, Bao Partigatiga also claimed the same thing.
"She is wearing my clothes. So, she has to stay in my house."
The priest did not want to lose Nai Manggale.
"Remember, I am the one who made her live like a human. So, she stays here."
Those three men then were busy arguing. They claimed to have the rights of Nai Manggale. To calm them, an elderly of the village gave a solution. His name was Aji Bahir.
"You all can have her and have a relationship with her. Datu Panggana, you are her uncle. Bao Partigatiga, you are her brother. And you the priest, you are her father."
The three men accepted Aji Bahir's advice. And now they were happy because they all could ask her to stay in their houses. Besides that, now those three men were related


SABTU, 08 JUNI 2013

SPOOF    

PURPOSE                                :

TEXT ORGANIZATION        :

lANGUANGE FEATURES     :

 

Nasreddin had an old shed. It had no windows, so it was very dark,
 and it was full of old things .
          One day Nasreddin went into this shed to get a ladder, 
but slipped on something and fell against a big garden fork . 
The fork hit him on the head and knocked him down.
          Then it fell on top of him and hit him hard on the left leg . 
The ends of the fork then went into his long beard . 
He fought with the fork fiercely, and at last threw it off him , 
jumped up and ran out of the shed. He was very angry . 
He had an old sword under his bed , and he now ran and got this .
          He runback to the shed, opened the door suddenly and 
shouted in a terrible voice , ‘ All right, come out and fight ,
 you and all the other fork in the world ! I’m not afraid of you ! “


 QUESTIONS
1. What did Nasreddin have ?
2. What was it like inside ?
3. Why was it dark ?
4. What happened one day ?
5. What did Nasreddin go into the shed ?
6. What did he do inside the shed ?
7. What did the fork do ?
8.  What did it do after that
     What did the ends  of the fork do ?
9.  What did Nasreddin do ?
10. How did he feel ?
11. What did he have under his bed ?
12. What did he do now ?
13. What did he should ?




Jumat,  07 Juni 2013
 Nyi Banjarsari (NARRATIVE)
        It was a rainy season. The villagers were happy, most of them were farmers. Rain would water their rice field and soon they would harvest their rice. Pak Bong was one of the farmers. He was also very happy.
       He wanted to buy some clothes for himself, his wife, and his beloved daughter, Nyi Banjarsari. She was a very beautiful girl. Her parents loved her because she was very obedient. One night, Pak Bong had a terrible dream. An old man came to him and said the rain would never stop. There would be a great flood.
      At first Pak Bong thought it was just a dream but he had the same dream in the following nights. He decided to tell all the villagers about his dream and asked them to evacuate on a hill not far from their village.
     "Ha ha ha? You are joking, Pak Bong. How can we leave our rice field? We are going to have great harvest, remember?" Everybody was laughing at Pak Bong.
      Pak Bong did not give up. He kept on asking the villagers to evacuate to the hill. Finally some villagers believed him. Together with his wife, and his daughter Nyi Banjarsari, Pak Bong and his friends went to the hill.
      In the meantime, heavy rain fell days and nights. It continued until water entered the houses. The villagers were sorry they did not listen to Pak Bong and ignored his advice. Soon, the village was drowned! Pak Bong and his friends could not do anything. They were sad because their village was under water.
     Then they prayed to God. They asked God how the water dried up from their village. The answer came in Pak Bong's dream. In his dream, the same old man told him how to save their village.
    "If you want the water to dry up, you have to sacrifice your daughter. She has to jump into the water!" said the old man.
     Pak Bong was very sad. He then told his family about his dream. His wife did not agree at all. She did not want to lose her lovely daughter.
     "That's OK, Mother. If this is the only way to save our village, I would jump into the water," said Nyi Banjarsari.
     Her parents could not say anything. They could not prevent their daughter from jumping into the water. Slowly, water dried up. Pak Bong and his friends then returned to their village. They built their houses and had their lives back. To show their thankfulness and gratefulness to Nyi Banjarsari, the villagers named their village into Banjarsari.


FABLES (NARRATIVE)
The Two Crabs (Fables)
One fine day two Crabs came out from their home to take a
stroll on the sand. ‘Child,’ said the mother, ‘you are walking
very ungracefully. You should accustom yourself, to walking
straight forward without twisting from side to side.’
‘Pray, mother,’ said the young one, ‘do but set the example
yourself, and I will follow you.’
MORAL MESSAGE
Example is the best precept.
Vocabulary
1. stroll        : jalan-jalan 
2. twisting   : lenggak-lenggok
3. pray         : mengharap
4. precept    : perintah
LANGUAGE FEATURES
MODALS:

Use “should” with verb, to express advisability or obligation. Examples :  You ought to accustom yourself.
                    You should accustom yourself
                    I have an exam, so I ought to study.
                    (I have an exam, so I should study).
                    She has to study, so she ought to stay hom tonight.
                    (She has to study, so she should stay home tonight).
Exercises :
         a.  My father work long hours, so he ought to bed early.
              ( ……………………………………..                 )
         b.  Coffee keeps me awake, so I ought to not to drink it.
              ( …………………………………….               )
         c.  Dini ought to have finished that book last night, but she 
              didn’t.
              ( ………………………………………….          )                                             
  



 The Fisher (Fables)   
A Fisher once took his bagpipes to the bank of a river, and
played upon them with the hope of making the fish rise; but
never a one put his nose out of the water. So he cast his net
into the river and soon drew it forth filled with fish. Then he
took his bagpipes again, and, as he played, the fish leap up
in the net. ‘Ah, you dance now when I play,’ said he.
MORAL MESSAGE
‘When you are in a man’s power you must do as he bids
you.’
vocabulary:
1. bagpipes : alat musik              4. leap : berjingkrak, melompat
2. cast         : melemparkan        5. bid   : minta, perintah           
3. drew       : menarik





     The Ass in the Lion’s Skin (Fables)
An Ass once found a Lion’s skin which the hunters had left
out in the sun to dry. He put it on and went towards his native
village. All fled at his approach, both men and animals,
and he was a proud Ass that day. In his delight he lifted up
his voice and brayed, but then every one knew him, and his
owner came up and gave him a sound cudgelling for the
fright he had caused. And shortly afterwards a Fox came up
to him and said: ‘Ah, I knew you by your voice.’
MORAL MESSAGE
Fine clothes may disguise, but silly words will disclose
a fool.
QUESTIONS :

1. Why was the donkey proud of himself?
2. Why wasn’t the fox fooled?



The Goose With the Golden Eggs
One day a countryman going to the nest of his Goose found
there an egg all yellow and glittering. When he took it up
it was as heavy as lead and he was going to throw it away,
because he thought a trick had been played upon him. But
he took it home on second thoughts, and soon found to his
delight that it was an egg of pure gold. Every morning the
same thing occurred, and he soon became rich by selling
his eggs. As he grew rich he grew greedy; and thinking to
get at once all the gold the Goose could give, he killed it and
opened it only to find nothing.
MORAL MESSAGE
Greed often over reaches itself.
Vocabulary
1. glittering  : kemilau, bercahaya
2. delight     : menyenangkan hati

THE FOUR OXEN AND THE LION
A Lion used to prowl about a field in which four Oxen
used to dwell. Many a time he tried to attack them, but
whenever he came near they turned their tails to one
another so that whichever way he approached them he
was met by the horns of one of them. At last, however,
they began quarreling among themselves, and each went
off to pasture alone in a separate corner of the field. Then
the Lion attacked them one by one and soon made an end
of all four.
MESSAGE MORAL
United we stand, divided  we fall.
Bersatu kita teguh, bercerai kita runtuh
QUESTIONS :
1. Why couldn’t the lion kill the oxen when they all stood
     together?
2.  How could the oxen have stayed alive?
3.  people become divided, do they become stronger
     or weaker? 


PLANET

     A planet is a body in space that revolves around
 a star. There are nine planets in our solar system, and
these nine planets travel around the sun. The names of
the planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter,
Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto.
     Planets travel in orbit, around the stars. All of the
planets of the solar system revolve ill elliptical orbits.
In other Words, their orbits are like large, flat circles.
The time that it takes a planet to make one revolution
around the sun is called a year.
     The Greeks were the first people to recognize and
give names to some of the planets. The word planet
comes from a Greek word meaning wanderer. If a
person wanders, tills means that he goes from one
place to another and does not have a home. The Greeks
thought that planets "wandered" in the sky. However,
modern scientists can predict the movement of the
planets very accurately.

1.What is the suitable title for this text?
   A. The Stars.
   B. The Planets.
   C. The Orbits.
   D. The Wanderers
   E. The Greeks
2.The planets in our solar system travel ...

   A. around the stars
   B. around the circles
   C. in one movement
   D. from one position to another
   E. in elliptical orbits


 S P O O F
Mrs. Williams loved flowers and had a small but beautiful garden. In the summer, her roses were always the best in her street. One summer afternoon her bell rang, and when she went to the front door, she saw a small boy outside. He was about seven years old, and was holding a big bunch of beautiful roses in his hand.
            ‘ I am selling roses, ‘ he said. Do you want any? They are quite cheap. One shilling for a big bunch. They are fresh. I picked them this afternoon.’
            ‘ My boy,’ Mrs. Williams answered, ‘ I pick roses whenever  I want, and don’t pay anything for them, because for  them, because I have lots in my garden.’
            ‘ Oh, no, you haven’t,’ said the small boy. ‘There aren't any roses in your garden – because they are here in my hand ! 

QUESTIONS :

THE CRYING STONEA Folktale from West Kalimantan

     In a small village, a girl lives with her mother. The girl is very beautiful. Everyday she puts make-up and wears her best clothes. She doesn’t like to help her mother work in a field. The girl is very lazy. One day, the mother asks the girl to accompany her to go to the market to buy some food. At first the girl refuses, but the mother persuades her by saying they are going to buy new clothes. The girl finally agrees. But she asks her mother to walk behind her. She doesn’t want to walk side by side with her mother. Although her mother is very sad, she aggresses to walk behind her daughter.
     On the way to the market, every body admires the girl’s beauty. They are also curious. Behind the beautiful girl, there is an old woman with a simple dress. The girl and her mother look very different! “Hello, pretty lady. Who is the woman behind you?” asks them. “She is my servant,” answers the girl. The mother is very sad, but she doesn’t say anything. The girl and the mother meet other people. Again they ask who the woman behind the beautiful girl. Again the girl answers that her mother is her servant. She always says that her mother is her servant every time they meet people.
At last, the mother cannot hold the pain anymore. She prays to GOD to punish her daughter. GOD answers her prayer. Slowly, the girl’s leg turns into stone. The process continues to the upper part of the girl’s body. The girl is very panicle. “Mother, please forgive me!” she cries and asks her mother to forgive her. But it’s too late. Her whole body finally becomes a big stone. Until now people still can see tears falling down the stone. People then call it the crying stone or batu menangis.
1   According to the story. the girl is….                 4.   Why did the girl always answer
        a. beautiful physically and mentally                      the people’s question that her
        b. lazy                                                                     mother was her servant?
        c. clever                                                                  a. she was a shame of having
        d. brilliant                                                                   old and simple mother
        e. simple                                                                 b. she loved the men on the
                                                                                          Street
2.   The girl usually….everyday.                                  c. she wanted to get honor
        a. makes up herself                                                 d. she wants to make herself
        b. helps her mother at the field                                     beautiful
        c. studies hard                                                         e. she doesn’t love her mother
        d. cleans the house surrounding
        e. helps her mother in the market                      5.   According to the text, the    
                                                                                          following are right except,…
3.   The girl turned into a stone because…                  a. the mother was a good mother
        a. she wanted to be a stone                                b. the mother like working hard
        b. she makes her mother painful                         c. the girl doesn’t like to work
        c. her mother cursed her                                    d. the mother didn’t love her dau
        d. she companied her mother to the market               ghter
        e. some men admired at her                               e. the girl doesn’t obey her mother

The Blonde and The Lawyer
     A blonde an a lawyer are seated next to each other on a flight from LA to NY The lawyer asks if she 
     would like to play a fun game.
     The blonde, tired, just wants to take a nap, politely declines and rolls over to the window to catch a few
     winks.
     The lawyer persists and explains that the game is easy and a lot of fun.
     He explains, ”I ask you a question, and if you don’t know the answer, you pay me $5.00, and vise versa.
     Again, she declines and tries to get some sleep. The lawyer, now agitated, says, “OK, if you don’t know 
     the answer you pay me $5.00, and if I don’t know the answer, I will pay you $500.00.”
     This catches the blonde’s attention and, figuring there will be no end to this torment unless she plays,   
    agrees the game. The lawyer asks the first question. “What’s the distance from earth to the moon?” 
    The blonde doesn’t say a ward, “you turn.”
    She asks the lawyer, “What goes up a hill with three legs and comes down with four legs?” The lawyer,   
    puzzled, takes out his laptop computer and searches all his references, no answer. He taps into the air
    phone with his modem and searches the net and the library of congress, no answer. Frustrated, he sends 
    e-mail to all his friends an coworkers, to no avail. After an hour, he wakes the blonde, and hands
    her $500.00.
    The blonde says, “Thank you”, and turns back to get some more sleep.
   The lawyer, who is more than a little miffed, wakes the blonde and asks, “Well, what’s the answer?”     
   Without a word, the blonde reaches into her purse, hands the lawyer $5.00, and goes back to sleep.
6.   The story tells us about….
        a. a plane which a blonde and a lawyer took
        b. a lawyer who played a game with a blonde
        c. a lawyer who bet on something with a blonde
        d. a blonde who was tricked by a lawyer
        e. a blonde who lost her money
7.   What did the lawyer want to play with the blonde….
        a. hide and seek
        b. chicken limbo
        c. jump rope
        d. guessing game
        e. scrabble
8.   What was the rule of the game finally….
        a. if the blonde could not answer the lawyer’s question, she paid him $5.00,and vise
            versa
        b. if the blonde could not answer the question, she should pay $5.00. if he lawyer
            could not answer her question, he should pay $500.00.
        c. if the blonde could not answer the lawyer’s question, she paid him $500,00, and
              vise versa
        d. if the blonde could not answer the lawyer’s question, she paid him $500.00. if the   
             lawyer could not answer her question, he paid her $500.00.
        e. if the lawyer could not answer her question, he paid her $500.00. if the blonde
            could not answer his question, she did not have to pay him.
9.    Who was cleverer, the blonde or the lawyer….
         a. the blonde
         b. the lawyer
         c. none of them was clever
         d. both were clever
         e. they were the same
10.     The word “miffed” in the last paragraph has the similar meaning to….
         a. shy
         b. happy
         c. generous
         d. doubt
         e. angry

The Fools on The Desert
     Three fools, Fatty, Skinny and John, were just getting out prison. This jailhouse was located in the middle of a very hot, dry desert.  As they were leaving, they were told they could bring one thing with them to help them cross the arid region.
     “What would you like to take with you ?” a guard asked John.
     “I know the desert is very hot and dry, so I’d like a glass of water to drink when I get thirsty,: answered John.
     “That was a reasonable request.” The guard gave him a cool glass of water and then John walked out into desert.
     “And what would you like ?” ask the guard.
     “Well,” replied Skinny, “I know the sun is very hot in the desert, so I’d like an umbrella to keep the sun of me.”
     This wish was also granted. After that, Skinny walked out into the desert with his umbrella.
     It was now Fatty’s turn to be questioned. When the guard asked him what he wanted, Fatty said, ”I’d like a car door, please.”
     “A car door! Why would you want a car door to carry across the desert?” the guard inquired.
     “I believe it’s very hot in the desert. If it gets too hot, I’ll just open the window!”
11.   Who are the main characters in the text….
        a. The fools, Fatty and Skinny
        b. Fatty, Skinny and John
        c. The guard, Fatty and Skinny
        d. The fools, the guard and Skinny
        e. The fools, the guard and John
12.   What did John want bring with him to cross the desert…
        a. An umbrella
        b. A glass of water
        c. A car window
        d. A car door
        e.  A car
13.   What is the purpose of the text….
        a. to inform the readers about events of the day
        b. an amuse and entertain the readers
        c. to explain how the desert occurs
        d. to criticize somebody’s works
        e. to describe the guard
14.   “I believe it’s very hot in the desert. If it gets too hot, I’ll just open the window!”
        a. orientation                                          d. resolution
        b. re-orientation                                      e. twist
        c. complication

No Time
     A programmer was crossing a road one day when a frog called out to him and said, “if you kiss me, I’ll turn into a beautiful princess. “The programmer bent over, picked up the frog and put it into his pocket. The frog spoke up again and said, “if you kiss me and turn me back into a beautiful princess, I will stay with you for one week.”
     The programmer took the frog out from his pocket, smiled at it and returned it to his pocket. The frog then cried out, “If you kiss me and turn me back into a beautiful princess, I’ll stay with you and do anything you want. “Again the programmer took the frog out, smiled at it and put it back into his pocket.
     The programmer said, “Look, I’m a programmer, I don’t have time for a girl friend, but a talking frog, now, that’s cool.”
15.   The last paragraph of the text is  called the….
        a. coda
        b. twist
        c. resolution
        d. re-orientation
        e. incident
16.   According to the text, we may conclude that the programmer….
        a. wants to turn the frog into the princess by kissing it
        b. would like to marry the frog when it turns into a real princess
        c. prefers the talking frog to a beautiful princess better then a frog
        e. likes a beautiful princess and dislikes a frog
17.   How many times did the programmer take the frog out of his pocket….
        a. once
        b. twice
        c. three times
        d. four times
        e. never
18.   The antonym of the words ‘took out’ used in the text is….
        a. put in
        b. picked up
        c. bent over
        d. turned back
        e. stay with “I never work on Sundays,” she said.
19.   As I (walk) down the street, I (meet) Charlie.
        a. was walking-met                                                   d. have walked
        b. was walking-was meeting                                     e. will walk-will meet
        c. walked-met
20.   …. Television is my favorite hobby.
        a. Watch
        b. Watching
        c. Watched
        d. Watches
        e. watch out
21.   The following sentences are expressing love, except ….
        a. I love you
        b. I really love you and I always will
        c. I truly love you endlessly
        d. I’ll never stop loving you
        e. my heart is so burdened
22.   The following sentences are expressing sorrow, except …
        a. I can’t tell my sadness in words
        b. Words fail to convey how much I love you
        c. I regret having to do this
        d. it brought me a lot of misery
        e. I’m feeling bad at his time
23.   The following sentences are expressing embarrassment, except …
        a. I was so embarrassed
        b. it really makes me shamed
        c. tell me it didn’t happen
        d. I can’t take it anymore
        e. how embarrassing!
24.   The following sentences are expressing anger, except …
        a. you’re getting me angry
        b. I’ve never been so insulted in my life
        c. are trying to make me angry ?
        d. I know what you mean
        e. you burn me up
25.   The following sentences are expressing annoyance, except …
        a. what a nuisance
        b. I’m losing my mind
        c. I’m very annoyed
        d. how irritating!
        e. maybe you’re a little too sensitive about
26.   Woman   :   Have you heard that the government will subsidize farmers who use
                            have organic farming?

       Man         :   … because not many farmers are willing to do organic farming without
                             some support from the government.
        a. I disagree with the idea
        b. I don’t really care about it
        c. I think this is not a good idea
        d. I think it is a good idea
        e. I think the government should think about it twice
27.   Man         :   You should not scream at the man.
       
        Woman    :   He plays the cassette too loudly ….       
        a. it annoys me
        b. it makes me happy
        c. I’m still confused about it
        d. I don’t know about it
        e. I am afraid of him
28.   ‘Lia’s uniform is really neat and clean!’
        ‘I heard that she always has her maid iron it.’
        This implies that Lia’s maid _____.
        a. is going to iron her dress
        b. has a nice masters
        c. is very good worker
        d. has a kind landlady
        e. is making an iron
29.   If Adi succeeds in entering ITB, he will make his parents proud of him.
        From the above sentence we may conclude that Adi’s parents _____ of his success.
        a. are proud
        b. will perhaps be proud
        c. has to be proud
        d. were proud
        e. must be proud
30.   Her father _____ has been to Paris, has just returned.
        a. who                           d. whose
        b. that                            e. where
        c. which

Chose the best answer by crossing a, b, c, d, or e !
Text 1
The text for number 1 to 4
            Some time ago the ruin of an unfortunate Adam Air was found. The only passenger found ‘still alive’ was a monkey.
            Surprisingly, the monkey could speak using ‘Tarzan’s language’ to the investigators, when it was interrogated about what really happened just before the accident.
            When the investigators asked “What were the pilot and stewardess doing at the time?”, the monkey touched the fingers of left hand to the fingers on the right signaling that they were dating and ‘kissing’. The investigators continued asking “When were the passengers doing?”. The monkey help both its hand palms under its cheek, signaling that they were sleeping.
            The investigators wondered, “And what were you doing at that time?” the monkey raised both hands and showed its fists as though it had been holding the steering wheel, signaling that the monkey itself drove the plane !!
1.    What type of text is used by the writer?
a.        News items
b.        Spoof
c.         Recount
d.        Narrative
e.        Anecdote
2.    The communicative purpose of this text is …
a.        To retell events for the purpose of informing or entertaining
b.        To describe the way how the plane crash happened
c.         To share an entertaining story
d.        To tell an unusual event
e.        To inform readers an important event
3.    What can we say about the last paragraph?
a.        A reorientation
b.        A twist
c.         A coda
d.        A conclusion
e.        A summation
4.    What did the monkey do to inform something to the investigators?
a.      It used gestures                                   d.   It wagged its tail
b.      It spoke to Tarzan                                e.   It nodded its body
c.       It signaled through animal language
5.    What did the writer use double quotation marks (“…”) for?
a.      To show the real words of the speaker
b.      To make emphasis on important points
c.       To denote interrogative sentence
d.      To separate more important events from those less important
e.      To differentiate people’s utterance from those of animals

Text 2
The text for number 6 to 10
                                                             Fluffy Bunny Rabbit
            After a long day at the office, Chris came home one day and found his dog with the neighbor’s pet rabbit in his mouth. The rabbit was obviously dead. Chris panicked !
“if my neighbors find out my dog killed their bunny, they’ll hate me forever, “he thought. So he took the dirty, chewed up rabbit into the house, gave it a bath and blow dried its fur.
            Chris knew his neighbors kept their backdoor open during the summer, so he snacked inside and put the bunny back into the cage, hoping his neighbor would think it died of natural causes.
            A couple of days later Chris and his neighbor saw each other outside.
            “Did you hear that Fluffy die?” the neighbor asked.
            “Oh. Uhmm… sorry to hear that. What happened?” Chris mumbled.
            The neighbor replied, “We just found him dead in his cage one day. But the strange thing is that the day after we buried him, we went to out to dinner and someone must have dug him up, gave him a bath and put him back into the cage!”
6.  What does the story tell us ?
a.    A rabbit and a dog
b.    A boy who petted a rabbit
c.    Neighborhood in America
d.    A boy who tried to maintain neighborhood
e.    A boy who was angry with his neighbors because their dog killed his rabbit
7.  How did Chris get into his neighbors house ?
.                 a,.  Breaking the side window of the house
                    b. Breaking the front door of the house
                  c.  Sneaking trough the backdoor
                   d.   Using the key hidden bellow the door mart
           e.   Passing the front gate of the house

8.  What actually happened to the rabbit ?
a.      The dog ate the rabbit
b.      The dog found it died
c.       Chris unconsciously killed it
d.      Chris’s neighbor killed it and buried and before the dog found it
e.      It died and buried in the backyard before the dog dug it out

9.  “If my neighbors find out my dog killed their bunny, they’ll hate me forever”. 
       The sentence implies …
       a.. Chris wanted his neighbor to know that his dog killed the rabbit
            b.    Chris worried if his neighbor so that the killed the rabbit
            c.    Chris hated his neighbor so that he killed the rabbit
            d.    Chris let his dog eat the rabbit
            e.  Chris was happy because his dog could kill the rabbit

10. What actually happened was …
           a   The rabbit was dead because the dog killed it
           b.  Chris ordered his dog to get the rabbit
           c.  The rabbit did not die because the dog
            d.  Chris’s neighbor though that the rabbit was still alive
           e.   Chris’s neighbor actually wanted the rabbit dead

What is His Job ?

     A grade school teacher was asking students what their parents did for a living.
”Tim, you be first, “she said. “What does your mother do all day?”
     Tim stood up and proudly said, “She’s a doctor.”
     “That’s wonderful. How about you, Amie?”
     Amie shyly stood up, scuffed her feet and said, “My father is mailman.”
     “Thank you, Amie, “said the teacher. “What about your father, Billy ?”
     Billy proudly stood up and announced, “My daddy murders people, steals from them,
and drinks.”
     The teacher was aghast and promptly changed the subject to geography. Later that day she went to Bill’s house and rang the bell. Bill’s father answered the door. The teacher explained what his son had said and asked if there might be some logical explanation.
     Bill’s father said, “I’m actually an attorney. But how can I explain a thing like that to a seven-year-old ?
Answer the questions based on the text.
1.   What did the teacher wants the students to do ?
      Answer : ____________________________________________________________
2.   What did Tim’s mother and Amie’s father do ?
      Answer : ____________________________________________________________
3.   What did Billy’s father do according to Billy ?
      Answer : ____________________________________________________________
4.   What did actually Billy’s father do ?
      Answer : ____________________________________________________________
5.   In your opinion, did Billy’s father feel embarrassed on what his son told to his
      teacher?
      Answer : ____________________________________________________________

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